Introduction
Foreign policy of a country is conditioned by its geography, history, social structure, military strength, public opinion, international milieu and leadership
Foreign policy of a country is an extension of its internal policy
Principles of Indian foreign policy
Non alignment
Panchsheel (territorial integrity, non aggression, non interference, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co existence)
Anti colonialism
Anti racialism
Disarmament
Promotion of world peace
Support to the UNO
No first use of nuclear weapon
Objectives of Indian foreign policy
To protect India’s National interest
To preserve the autonomy of the decision making process
To fight against terrorism
To build an international environment which is supportive of India’s rapid economic growth
Strengthen ties with neighbouring countries
To strengthen ties with gulf countries
To make India 5 trillion economy by 2026
To become the permanent member of the UN security council
To work forward for nuclear disarmament
To closely interact with Indian diaspora on a regular basis to strengthen bonds with India
Changes in India’s foreign policy
On account of Russian Ukrainian war, India shout to keep a balance between the US and European union in the one hand and Russia on the other hand
In the mist of slew of sanctions imposed by the west to destroy the Russian economy, India continued to take oil from Russia and shout Rupee based payment mechanism to purchase military weapons from Russia
Moreover, India absent from UNSC, UNGA, IAEA, Human Rights Commission and other multinational fora seeking to sunsure Russia for its invasion upon Ukraine
Since Russia has been the trusted ally of India for so long years and India is dependent upon Russia for 60% military equipment and since there is a close bilateral relationship between China and Russia growing, India can not risk of antagonising Russia
India returned to free trade agreements after several years its signed trade agreement with UAE and Australia
India is also sign free trade agreement with European union, Britain, Gulf Cooperation council and Canada in near future
India also joined US led Indo Pacific economic forum
As the chairman of G20, India is expected to highlight climate change
India’s foreign policy was marked by economic assistance to Sri Lanka which was facing crisis
India also boosted regional trade and energy agreement with Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal
India also strengthen ties with central asian countries on connectivity
India kept channels open with the repressive regime of Taliban in Afghanistan and The Myanmar military regime.
Relations with Iran remain intact in spite of ongoing agitation.
But relations with Pakistan remained as cool as in the past
India China tension in the line of actual control remained high and the year ended with the unsuccessful Chinese PLA attempt to take Indian post at YanGtse in Arunachal Pradesh
India is to host G-20 and SCO summits in 2023 and this would create opportunity to end the standoff between India and China
What should be the way forward
India should lead in tackling global environment challenges
It must focus upon sustainable development goals
It must prioritise for inclusive development so that benefit of growth can reach the poorest of the poor in the country
Indian foreign policy must ensure that India is able to influence world opinion on issues of global dimensions such as terrorism, climate change, disarmament
To become a permanent member of the expanded UN security council
To embark upon the role of a leading power in the international system
To succeed in the ongoing programme like Make in India, skill India, digital India, clean India, smart cities, India requires a huge amount of foreign direct investment, financial, assistance and transfer of technologies.
Conclusion
To achieve 5 trillion $ economy and become the third largest economic power in terms of nominal GDP in 2029 by surpassing Germany and Japan
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